๐Ÿ–ฅ CS/๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ

[๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ] Introduction

The network edge

  • host: ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ
  • client: ์„œ๋ฒ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ
  • server: ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›์€ ์š”์ฒญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ

 

Network edge: ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹

  • TCP
    • reliable
      • ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์‹ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ
    • ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ transfer ์ˆœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ˆœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์žฅ๋จ
    • flow control
      • receiver์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์†๋„ ์กฐ์ ˆ
    • congestion control
      • ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ์†๋„ ์กฐ์ ˆ
    • resource high
  • UDP
    • reliableํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ
    • ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ
    ex. real-time voice

 

What’s a protocol?

ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์€ ๋‘˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ†ต์‹  ๊ฐœ์ฒด ๊ฐ„ ๊ตํ™˜๋˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€ ํฌ๋งท๊ณผ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์˜ ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์—์„œ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ •์˜

  • ๊ฐ™์€ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ์†Œํ†ต์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

 

The Network Core: ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹

  • Circuit switching: ์ถœ๋ฐœ - ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธธ์„ ๋”ฑ ์ค€๋น„ํ•ด๋†“์Œ
  • Packet switching: ์ €์žฅ ํ›„ ์ „๋‹ฌ ์ „์†ก
    • Nodal processing
      • output link๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •
      • ์ข‹์€ ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋ก Processing delay๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ฆ
    • Queueing
      • ์ง€์—ฐ ์‹œ ์ž ๊น ํŒจํ‚ท์„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ•„์š”
      • queue ํ•œ๋„ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ์‹œ ํŒจํ‚ท ์œ ์‹ค - loss์˜ 90% ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ
      • ํ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„: ํ์ž‰ Delay
    • Transmission delay
      • ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ bit๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„
      • bandwidth๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ์ˆ˜๋ก delay๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ฆ
      • delay = L / R
R = link bandwidth (bps)
L = ํŒจํ‚ท ๊ธธ์ด (bits)
time to send bits into link = L / R
    • Propagation delay
      • ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ bit๊ฐ€ ๋งํฌ์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™€์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„
      • ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ ์˜ ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค(!)
      • delay = d/s
d = link์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธธ์ด
s = propagation speed in medium (~2x10^8 m/sec)

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[๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ] Network Layer - Application Layer(1) | HTTP  (0) 2022.08.12